Clematis
Halq’emeylem Name
Currently unknown
Latin Name
Clematis L.
Pronunciation
About Clematis
We currently have two Clematis in the garden–Vancouver Starry Night, and Apple Blossom (shown at right). Both are cultivars. We planted another cultivar, Hagley’s hybrid, but it did not survive a hot summer. We hope to re-add it, as well as an Indigenous clematis, either Clematis columbiana or or Clematis occidentalis, which looks very similar–they are “western virgin’s bower” or “blue virgin’s bower.” –or possibly white clematis–Clematis ligusticifolia.
There are over 250 species in the genus Clematis, with native species in Europe, China, Australasia, North America, and Central America. The Greek word klematis “is an old name applied to climbing plants”. (MBG).
“‘Hagley Hybrid’ features profuse, showy, eight-sepaled, 6-8″ diameter, white flowers with purplish brown anthers cover this vine in summer. Bloom on this cultivar comes primarily from the previous year’s stems in early summer, but also occurs in a second flush later in the summer on the new (current year’s) growth.” (MBG)
“Clematis columbiana is a slender-stemmed sometimes scrambling, vine-like plant. Its stems are initially green, but turn red-brown when mature. Leaves are arranged oppositely along the wiry leafstalks and are consistently ternate (divided into three distinct parts). Leaflets are lance to elliptic-shaped and thin or slightly succulent and their margins vary from entire, to notched, to sometimes serrated. Nodding flowers with 4 blue to purplish sepals are terminal and solitary, blooming from May to July. Blossoms are followed by delicate, pom-pom-like seedheads which are covered with white feathery plume. The seedheads can be nearly as attractive as the flowers.” (Seven Oaks)
Connections
Shakespeare
We associate clematis with Titania, the Fairy Queen in A Midsummer Night’s Dream, a female figure who seeks to control her own sexuality in a patriarchal context. The fairy queen is widely understood to be a figure for Queen Elizabeth I, who was queen of England during the early part of Shakespeare’s career. Elizabeth, the virgin queen, accepted compliments from her courtiers representing her as a fairy queen and as a virgin huntress (in Edmund Spenser’s allegorical poem The Faerie Queene), as the goddess Diana, and as the allegorical figure Astraea (representing justice), among other figures. A common name for one variety of clematis is “virgin’s bower.”
Indigenous Knowledge
Although we are not aware of any documented cultural knowledge about Hagley’s hybrid clematis, a member of the garden visioning class dreamed about a flower and found that the image she dreamed corresponds best to Hagley’s hybrid clematis.
Clematis columbiana has been used in cleaning by Spokane people (Turner, Ancient Pathways, vol. 1, p. 382). Clematis ligusticifolia is an ingredient in a preparation used to treat swelling and bruising by Secwepemc people (R. E. Ignace, 2008; Turner, Ancient Pathways, vol. 1, p. 460). In the Secwepemc language the name means “it twists around” (Turner, Ancient Pathways, vol. 1, p. 129). Clematis can also be used to make cordage (Turner, Ancient Pathways, vol. 1, p. 373), bags (Ancient Pathways, vol. 1, p. 368) and clothing (Ancient Pathways, vol. 1, p. 369).
Gallery
References
Images: Herry Lawford from London, UK, CC BY 2.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons | |USDA NRCS Montana | Peter Miller
Integrated Taxonomic Information System. (n.d.). Clematis columbiana (Nutt.) Torr. & A. Gray Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=18693#null
Integrated Taxonomic Information System. (n.d.). Clematis L. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=18685#null
Missouri Botanical Garden. (n.d.). Clematis ‘Hagley Hybrid’ Retrieved from http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=244344&isprofile=1&basic=hagley
Ignace, Ronald E. (Stsmél’ecqen), 2008, “Our Oral Histories are our Iron Posts: Secwepemc Stories and Historical Consciousness. PhD. Dissertation, Simon Fraser University.
SevenOaks Native Nursery. (n.d.). Clematis columbiana rock clematis. Retrieved from
https://www.sevenoaksnativenursery.com/native-plants/shrubs/clematis-columbiana/
Turner, Nancy, Ancient Pathways